Forex firm offers to cut the deck

The plunge of the European common currency has been the market theme for much of 2010. With the euro value declining to the lowest level against the dollar since 2006, foreign exchange trading has given way to extraordinary profit taking.

Feeding on turbulence, the forex market offers unparalleled opportunities in both upturn and downturn markets compared to the more traditional stock and property markets. In addition, the alluring tool of leverage, the ease of market entrance and exit and the possibility of small capital investment has opened the doors to a much wider range of participants. Forex trading can yield enormous profits in a relatively short period of time, but can also result in losses. To avoid trading pitfalls, Tadawul FX, an online trading broker, shares several key trading tips for successful trading.

Do broker due diligence
Ensure that the broker you choose is licensed and regulated, and do due diligence on a regular basis to ensure the firm is in good standing with its regulatory authorities.

Choose a reputable broker that is well capitalised, has strong relationships with highly regarded banks and financial institutions and can clearly demonstrate how it manages its clients’ funds. Much of this information can normally be found on a broker’s website and online forex forums.

The forex market is a 24 hour market, so it is essential to also choose a broker that offers 24 hour support. Identify the mediums the broker offers for client support (eg. e-mail, Live Chat, telephone) and test them.

Whilst trading, you may run into technical problems, therefore not only should you seek 24 hour support, but also quality support. You want to ensure that when your money is on the line, there is knowledgeable, professional and efficient help that can quickly deal with the matter.

Understand what you are working with
Choose a broker that offers competitive conditions on the instruments you wish to trade. Determine whether the broker offers fixed spreads or floating spreads. Large or floating spreads can cut into profits so be sure to identify what works best with your trading methods, techniques and the time periods during which you trade. Find out how much leverage the broker offers, identify the minimum and maximum lot size you can trade, stop/loss and take/profit levels, increment size of the positions and whether or not you can hedge.

Forex companies offer different trading platforms with a range of tools, including integrated charting and news, technical analysis, automated trading systems, etc. The applied principle is always the same: choose a platform that is easy to use and that demonstrates speed and reliability. To get a feel for the platform and trading conditions, open a free demo account and test.

Use leverage wisely
The biggest pitfall of traders, and particularly aspiring traders, is getting their balance wiped out because of incorrect usage of leverage and undercapitalisation. Although higher leverage can yield higher profits, it also amplifies the level of risk. Your chances of becoming a successful trader are greatly increased by using leverage correctly and capitalising your account sufficiently. Furthermore, traders should also understand their broker’s margin call policy and identify whether the company follows the FIFO (first in first out) or LIFO (last in first out) methods.

Know your trading costs
One of the perks of online forex trading is that there are no exchange fees, regulatory fees, and generally no commissions. Nonetheless, forex trading carries other costs such as spreads (fixed or variable) and rollover charges for holding positions over night. Have a clear understanding of what these are and how they differ amongst your shortlisted brokers, as these can significantly impact your bottom line.
 
Plan your trade, trade your plan
In order to eliminate emotional trading, plan in advance. A strong trading strategy will allow consistent performance and put odds in your favour. The more methodical you become in entering and exiting trades, the more profitable and consistent you will be in the long run. Watch the financial markets avidly to avoid making rushed decisions. Placing a stop loss after initiating a trade will also minimise losses against unforeseen market circumstances caused by unexpected events, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters. A lack of discipline, constant tweaking of a trading method and an unclear trade management system will almost always result in losses.

Trade in the direction of the trend
In the forex market we see great trends in currency pairs that have a long lifespan (cycles). It therefore pays to identify the dominant trend of currency pairs and stick with it. Going against the trend will likely cause you to lose a great deal of money in a short space of time, thus destabilising you emotionally and leading you to make irrational, hurried decisions.

Know your risk
Before initiating any trade, know your risk and accept it. Prior to thinking about profit, it is essential to understand and manage your risk. Becoming methodical in trading eliminates fear and greed and can protect you from overtrading or trading on impulse. Generally you should aim to keep risk to one to three percent of the account balance and evaluate each trade independently.

Know the characteristics of the currency pairs
By examining past behaviour of the currency pairs, you can determine key characteristics of their behaviour including how well the pair trends, the economic events that influence it, the daily ranges of the pair and the ideal times to trade the pair. By understanding the behaviour of the currency pairs, you become better equipped at managing and trading the pairs successfully under different market conditions.

Find your trading personality
Psychology is a huge part of trading. When money is on the line, fear, greed and many other emotions can overwhelm, making trading extremely difficult. Patience, a clear mind and of course, common sense are fundamental factors in successful trading. One trading method does not fit all, so understand yourself and what works for you, and choose a trading strategy system accordingly. Losing is part of the business, so you must have confidence in your systems and accept that some losses are inevitable.

Trade to profit
Trade to profit and not just to trade. The forex market presents us with a constant stream of opportunities, therefore you should initiate trades only when the odds are stacked in your favour. Should you experience more than two to three consecutive losses, stop a trade, evaluate your performance, identify your mistakes and rectify them. Keeping a trading diary of all your trades, successful or not, will prepare you methodically and psychologically to re-enter the market and allow you to analyse your mistakes.

About Tadawul FX
Tadawul FX is a Swiss founded online forex and commodities trading company that is licensed and regulated by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (license No. CIF 103/09), the regulatory authority for the financial services industry in Cyprus. Under CySEC, Tadawul FX abides by and complies with all regulations set by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), in the European Union and its transposition in Cyprus with the Investment Services and Activities and Regulated markets law.

Tadawul FX offers a variety of trading instruments including currency trading, gold, silver, oil, gas and CFDs via its MetaTrader4 platform. It was one of the first firms to offer Islamic Trading Accounts, and now caters to a global client base, from small novice traders to institutional clients. Tadawul FX offers fixed spreads on all forex instruments, has customizable accounts, flexible leverage of up to 1:500 and welcomes all strategies including hedging.   

The company prides itself on quality, honesty and transparency. It places great emphasis on client satisfaction, offers 24 hour client support and has high customer retention. Tadawul FX has strong relationships with top tier banks and financial institutions and traders can be assured of safety and security of working with an established and reputable firm. Depositing and withdrawing funds is easy, fast and secure. All retail clients’ funds are held in segregated accounts and are additionally secured through an Investor Compensation Fund.

For further information: www.tadawulfx.com, tel: +357 25 200 900; email: support@tadawulfx.com

Not exactly an Italian holiday

For over three years, Western governments have been battling one of the most severe economic crises of the last century. It commenced with the subprime mortgage crisis in the US, Northern Rock in the UK, Lehmans, and now new rumours of uncertainty coming from Europe.

In the midst of all of this, there have also been threats of hyperinflation, deflation and now sovereign debt default. Leaders around the world have been working continuously to come up with appropriate measures to “exit the crisis”. The question is – which one? It is a crisis in continual evolution.

The financial losses registered in 2007, 2008 and 2009 have resulted in a wave of complex business restructurings and reorganisations. These have forced many governments in the West to implement new innovative measures aimed at facilitating and softening the impact of the current prolonged economic downturn. The impact of the crisis on the relationship between employers and employees has also been an important issue as many seek to find the most appropriate measures to minimise the social impact of any necessary individual or collective dismissals.

In Italy, the labour laws do not allow employers to dismiss their employees purely on the basis of the alleged existence of an economic crisis. In fact, according to the Italian Civil Code and Law No 1991/223, in order to proceed with a fair collective dismissal – it is mandatory to provide evidence of a precise link between the consequences of the economic crisis on an entire business activity, that is – including any related overseas head office or subsidiaries, and the specific situation affecting the employees in the local Italian enterprise.

There is also an even higher degree of complexity when the process involves the management and reduction of staffing levels in large multinationals, with thousands of employees spread throughout various countries and continents. In these cases, the main decisions are often taken centrally at a corporate headquarters located in a specific country. However, central decision making for global enterprises has its own risks, especially when one is dealing with not only different languages and cultures – but also a range of diverse national and local laws.

In Italy, prior to implementing a reduction in the workforce – an organisation must provide evidence which justifies and proves, on an objective basis, that the loss of specific jobs, in a particular sector, will have an impact on the existence and survival of the company itself,  hence making the reduction compulsory.

The loss of skills
In this new – should we say ‘post Wall Street’ era – successful management of overstaffing issues is paramount on both a micro and macro level. At the macro level, high unemployment drains public financial resources and hinders national economic growth, hence it is important for national governments to work with businesses to create a more flexible approach, that is alternatives to mass redundancies. At the micro level, when companies dismiss employees they are not just ‘saving money’ on the balance sheet – they are also losing intangible assets in the form of skills, knowledge and relationships which could hurt the quality of their products and/or service… and more importantly their competitiveness.  And then there are the social effects which are felt outside of the corporate walls when mass dismissals are implemented – that is, the effects of high unemployment which touch local surrounding communities.

Here in Italy, despite the high impact of the ongoing economic crisis, we have witnessed a transformation – which sees management create opportunities instead of inducing unemployment.  An economic analysis published earlier this year indicated that 2009 was the first time in Italian history that an economic crisis has produced less unemployment than initially projected by the experts.

The Italian government has already provided flexible instruments for businesses, experiencing difficulties, to resort to as an alternative to individual and collective dismissals. Among these options are working hour reductions, bonuses, fringe benefit reductions, outplacement measures, outsourcing measures, the transfer of employees, and employee secondments. There is also the possibility to “force” vacations, or to use an unpaid period of leave to study or to attend to personal duties.

Government’s helping hand
In addition, the Italian government provides, by law, salary support schemes such as Cassa Integrazione Guadagni Ordinaria (CIGO) and Cassa Integrazione Guadagni Straordinaria (CIGS).  

CIGO can be accessed by businesses when temporary events, which are not related to the employer’s will, or specific temporary business events, affect the relevant market in ways which will require the suspension of economic activity. In particular, CIGO has the function of integrating wages lost by employees, especially those in the industrial sector, following a reduction in their working hours or the suspension of work. In this instance the relationship between the employer and the employee is maintained with the hope of an anticipated future upturn in work.

CIGS is also a form of intervention in support of workers’ salaries but, differently from CIGO, supports the employer in cases of economic crisis, restructuring processess, reorganisation processes, or when the downturn has a structural nature, in order to avoid the closure of a business.

For businesses these schemes have been an extremely popular alternative to collective dismissals, mostly because of the extension of which type of employer could ask for it (especially with CIGS).  In May this year businesses asked for 34.7 million hours of support through an extended special CIGO system. In reference to the CIGS programme, in May 2010 the government authorised 49.6 million working hours to be sustained.

This is a decrease from the preceding month where 56.8 million hours were authorised. However, looking back 12 months this represents a 218 percent increase over what was authorised in May 2009. This indicates that the effects of the crisis are still with us.

In May, Italian unemployment was reported by EUROSTAT at 8.7 percent which is below the European Area average of 10 percent. True, recently there has been a gradual increase in unemployment levels in Italy – but far less drastic than one would imagine when considering the severity and length of the current crisis… and the overall economic situation in Italy.

Italy has the third highest public debt in the world (after the US and Japan). While these social and salary support programmes are necessary, they are not helping to ease the pressure on the public balance sheet. Recently the Italian government, like many of their European counterparts, have introduced a proposal for austerity measures to help shore up public finances. The package, at the time of writing, will still require the approval of Parliament, aims to cut spending by €24.9bn ($30.7bn) over the next two years.

The cuts take aim at reducing the costs of the public administration, the political system and the administrative system, as well as containing public employment costs – such as a proposed wage freeze for civil servants. In order to recuperate funds, the government is also stepping up its fight against tax and social security contribution evasion. These cuts and measures are designed to reduce Italy’s public debt level, and help Italy position itself for a post economic crisis world.

The Italian public and the markets are still digesting the proposed austerity measures. The financial markets seem to have welcomed them for now – while at the local level there has been resistance manifesting itself in the form of public and national employment strikes. This was particularly evident in June.

Italian macro and micro interests continue to perform ‘My Way’ – each one wanting to dance different steps on the road to recovery.  The survival of both is so intricately entwined that continual resistance and fighting over which one will take the lead, will only prolong the process.  However, with the right discipline – fiscally at both the government and at the individual level – and the right stimulus both the macro and micro aspects of the Italian economy can flourish together.

Reforming the public sector

Many of these changes and reforms have been possible, through the use of public private partnerships.

Shalakany Law Office has been working closely with the three main parties involved; the government, the service providers and the lenders, on a variety of different public partnership projects across different sectors, giving them a unique insight into inner workings of the programmes themselves.

World Finance spoke to a representative from The Office about the relationship between the proposed reforms and public private partnerships, how the reforms are affecting the country as a whole and how the government are creating this business friendly environment.

Striking the right balance
Egypt’s high levels of inner city congestion and deterioration of intercity transport routes has led to proposed reforms to its public transport system, with the government utilising public private partnerships to help fund the reforms.

Egypt adopted a new long term policy of pursuing partnership with the private sector back in 2006, to provide new sources of investment capital for required infrastructure projects, to reduce the governments sovereign borrowing and associated risks, to drive the creation of local long term funding markets and to develop new private sector opportunities that would ultimately lead to job creation and improvement of the quality of public services in Egypt.

Our representative from Shalakany Law Office expected the changes, stating: “Egypt has experienced steady population growth and urbanisation since the 1950s. The overall population has almost tripled since then, with major cities such as Cairo almost quadrupling, but comparatively very little investment has been put into city planning and transport infrastructure to go with this population growth.

“Keeping this in mind, it doesn’t surprise me that these sectors, including the transport sector, are high on the government’s agenda in terms of improving all around infrastructure throughout the country.”

Shalakany Law Office is hopeful that the country as a whole can benefit from this type of private investment, as long as the right balance is struck: “There is no doubt that a great deal of investment is required in order to get our infrastructure to the requisite level for achieving strong economic growth and development, as well as improving standards of living for Egyptians.

“The public private partnership program seems to be the best solution for achieving these aims. The question of whether this will be beneficial in the long term depends on whether the right balance can be struck between creating sufficient profit incentive for the private sector and providing high quality public services to society or the government at affordable and sustainable prices.

Essential development
Due to an ever increasing demand for power and electricity, reforming the energy sector is another of the Egyptian Government’s ambitious aims.

Shalakany Law Office is supportive of this reform, believing that it is essential for the development of the country.

“There is no doubt that this reform is much needed to satisfy Egypt’s growing population and targets for economic growth and development.”

Although much of the increased capacity is intended to be fuelled by natural gas, the government has set itself the target of producing 20 per cent of its electricity from renewable sources by the year 2020, with Egypt’s Electricity minister Hassan Younis has recently announcing “plans to diversify energy sources and promote renewable energy projects”.

“Rich in renewable energy”
Although the idea of renewable energy is not a new one in Egypt, with the New and Renewable Energy Agency created more than two decades ago, there is still a great deal of optimism surrounding these new projects. Shalakany explains that: “The idea of renewable energy has gained a lot of momentum of late because with the exception of natural gas, Egypt does not have the fossil fuel natural resource that many of its neighbours can rely of for economic growth and development. We are, however, very rich in renewable energy sources.”

This renewable energy initiative is being supported by the World Bank and is the first project in Northern Africa and the Middle East regions to be supported by the Clean Technology Fund [CTF].

This help is vital, as renewable energy sources are still far less economically efficient than conventional energy sources and without international support, it would be impossible for them to be constructed and developed.

Improved tax reform – increased foreign investment
The current government has implemented a great deal of reform in order to make Egypt a business friendly environment, with a transparent taxation system being top of the list in terms of challenges for the government.

These reforms are a welcome change and from a legal perspective, the government has made the right choice, according to the Shalakany lawyers.

“We have contributed to the World Bank’s ‘Ease of Doing Business’ annual report for Egypt over the past few years and know that taxation reform is one of the main criteria taken into consideration as indicators of a country’s investment climate. The success of these reforms is reflected in its improvement in the rankings.

“The new tax laws have certainly improved transparency and, as a result, tax income for the government has increased and tax related corruption has decreased.”

When it comes to foreign investors, Shalakany certainly believes that these new tax reforms have had a positive effect on the amount of foreign investment.

“Taxation is often a major factor when considering whether to invest in a country, and the economic data for Egypt shows a direct correlation between improved tax reform and increased foreign direct investment over the past decade.

There is still a long way to go, however, and they believe that the government still faces some challenges to ensure the long term success of the recent reforms: “I believe the next challenge for the government will be to keep the simplicity and transparency of the new tax laws and to push for further tax reform, creating tax incentives for strategic areas such as education, health and recycling initiatives.”

‘A business friendly economy’
Changes to the judicial system were the next step for the government, after years of cases flooding the country’s courts.

The Egyptian judicial system has struggled for years to cope with an increasing population and a high level of cases passing through its courts, which has ultimately lead to the introduction of new, specialised economic courts.

Keeping in line with the government’s policy of creating a more business friendly economy, these economic courts were not only a major step in reforming the Egyptian judicial system, but a welcome step in the right direction, according to those at the Shalakany Law Office: “Prior the introduction of the economic courts, major commercial litigation had only one viable option for dispute resolution, namely arbitration, as the regular judicial process was relatively inefficient and time consuming. Today, a client who has a commercial dispute can, in most cases, opt for either arbitration or the economic courts.”

The new economic courts have two main benefits; the judges are more specialised in commercial disputes, thus making the process exponentially faster than regular court proceedings, and they are more cost effective for the parties involved.

Increased transparency
The creation of the Egyptian Financial Supervisory Authority [EFSA] is yet another part of the Egyptian government’s plans to create a business friendly economy.

The EFSA became effective in July 2009, replacing the three other major authorities, with the purpose of further increasing market transparency and improving stability.

“Although it is too early to say definitively what the overall result has been for the non-banking financial sector,” states Shalakany Law Office, “most have welcomed this consolidation and are optimistic about EFSA being able to achieve its objectives.”

With so many reforms and changes within the financial, judicial, taxation and energy sectors, what does the future hold for Egypt’s financial markets? How will these reforms and changes affect the country as a whole and will they turn out to be beneficial in the long term?

Success in the long term?
Shalakany Law Office believe that the government has to take a lot of credit for pushing through the economic reforms that has lead to steady economic growth over the past decade, but the challenge will come in maintaining this success in the long term: “Financial markets have done very well, especially in light of the global crisis. Infrastructure and energy are the next big areas that will witness growth.

“There is a feeling of confidence in the government and their economic policies for the future, which in turn has lead to increased optimism for business opportunities and growth in the future. The challenge is for the government to maintain this confidence by taking decisions based on long term sustainability and prosperity for all Egyptians.

“The steps taken thus far have been very beneficial for the long term, but, as always in emerging markets, there is still room for improvement. Radically improving the quality of human capital through education reform is probably the biggest challenge for the economy over the next decade.”

Bolivian securities gain international respect

Nacional Financiera Boliviana Sociedad de Titularización S.A. (NAFIBO ST) is the leading securitisation company in Bolivia and the most innovative in Latin America having securitised future cash flows of small companies, cooperatives and NGOs oriented to microcredit. NAFIBO ST has also pioneered the use of structured notes over the past few years, while such products have been largely out of favour in many countries. Its portfolio of companies is wide ranged, from pharmaceuticals, cement producers, supermarkets to large mining operations and energy projects.

NAFIBO ST is owned by Banco de Desarrollo Productivo (BDP SAM) a second-tier bank owned by the Plurinational State of Bolivia and Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF). NAFIBO ST represents about 65 percent of the securities issued in the Bolivian capital markets in the last two years being one of the largest issuers in the world relative to its local market. After the Central Bank of Bolivia, through its securitisations, NAFIBO NST is the second issuer in the country and holds about 99 percent of the securitisation market.

Although it is not the only market player, competition is nonexistent for this high quality very prestigious company.

Moving forward
Considering the deep economic and structural changes carried out in Bolivia by the government, NAFIBO ST has swiftly oriented its activities in order to grab a new customer: The State of Bolivia. Billions of dollars are being demanded by the government in order to carry out an aggressive investment plan in infrastructure and productive endeavours. “If we could only grab about 10 percent of the financing needs of the State of Bolivia, we would be one of the largest securitisation companies in Latin America” says Jaime Dunn De Avila, founder and CEO of NAFIBO ST. The demand for NAFIBO ST’s services however are strong from foreign governments and public institutions in El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Ecuador and as far as the north of Africa.

Dunn is the only certified securitisation professor by the Congreso Latinoamericano de Fideicomiso (COLAFI) of the Federación Latinoamericana de Bancos (FELABAN). He has been educated at Colgate University in Hamilton New York and holds an MBA degree from Universidad Catolica and the Harvard Institute of International Development. Dunn is not only a pioneer on securitisation in his own country and Latin America, but has also worked on securitisation norms, regulation and projects in many countries including Egypt. As a young municipal bond and later on a mortgage-backed securities trader in a fixed income securities trader in New York, came back to Bolivia in the late 90s and decided to create what it is today the largest securities market of its country. Dunn began the challenge being a co-author of today’s Securities Market Law of Bolivia and many of its regulations. He has also written several books and articles on this issue. He keeps busy giving over 40 worldwide seminars on securitisation on an average of 11 countries per year, promoting Bolivia and its new highly successful securitisation market.

NAFIBO ST holds the most advanced and best trained specialists in securitisation in Bolivia and the region. It’s a 14 people company (including secretary and cleaning personnel) with more than $600m in securitisations to its name and close to $300m in administration today. “Only NAFIBO ST paper hold an AAA rating in Bolivia”, says Dunn. Its investors are widely spread from local mutual funds, pension funds, international institutional investors and surprisingly a large amount of retail investors that hold less than $100. Clearly NAFIBO ST is bringing the usually seen as far-reaching securities market to the common people.

NAFIBO ST securitisation business starts at $1.5m, an amount unheard of anywhere in the world, in an area of business which averages around $50m. Clearly NAFIBO ST strategy is in harmony with the size of the Bolivian economy. Bolivia is a landlocked country with about 10 million people and GDP sitting at around $18bn. As one of the poorest countries in the world, Bolivia has shown an unusual growth in transactions through its local securities market. Most of the growth is accounted to NAFIBO STs market operations. Securitisation placements are extreme for NAFIBO ST, beginning around $1.5m, but lately amounts have passed the $150m. “Doing a $1.5m securitisation deal is more exciting” says Dunn, “What’s more challenging, surgery on an elephant’s or mosquito’s heart?” then asks.

NAFIBO ST’s structured notes with up to 100 percent capital guarantee are one of a kind since they are completely arranged using local assets. Bolivian treasuries bought to local pension funds are combined with future cash flows or other riskier assets created even AAA rated securities where risk has been perfectly managed at a point of almost disappearing. “That is the alchemy of securitisation” says Dunn, known for using curious magic acts on its seminars to the perplexion of its audience.

International faith
Another interesting securitisation is related with Societe Generale, the prestigious French bank. This involves the securitisation of a structured note fully designed and provided by Societe Generale and re-packaged and sold though a local SPV in Bolivia. Through this mechanism, Bolivian investors are able to invest in various strategies and hedge funds fully diversified and with a 105 percent capital protection granted by Societe Generale.

In its repositioning strategy in Bolivia and the region, NAFIBO ST is changing its denomination to “BDP ST”, looking to leverage on BDP SAM, its largest stock holder and the most important development-oriented financial institution. Through this change, NAFIBO ST is looking to initiate Bolivia as its largest investment banking customer, maintaining an important portfolio of private companies. NAFIBO ST has seen a great opportunity in combining the private and public sectors as one under new government rules Bolivia has what is known as a “plural” economy, where government-run and private companies must coexist.

Bolivia has been placed in the top two world leaders in microfinance, with NAFIBO ST in the forefront. The firm is rapidly becoming recognised on the securitisation world platform of unusual cash flows and institutions.

Financial services gain human touch in Mexico

Back in the fifties, Mifel was a small company servicing SMEs on financial strategies. Later on, it began to grow a small fund to operate with and eventually obtained the first private concession for an exchange house in Mexico back in the tumultuous and complicated eighties. In 1993, Mifel set up a leasing company and in that same year Grupo Financiero Mifel was born, a step that paved the way for the concession of one of the first new private banking licenses to be granted since the industry was nationalised in Mexico back in 1982. In 2003, the group introduced a new management team led by Daniel Becker and several very talented members of a new generation.

The institution then went through a period of change that put it at the forefront of Mexico’s financial sector in terms of the quality of its top-flight services, products and the highest standards of excellence. Mifel’s is among México’s most demanding clientele, something very much appreciated by the team since it keeps it persevering at what it does best so as to constantly improve on it.

Mifel’s name stems from the first letters in both the given and family name of Mifel’s founder: Mike Feldman. He was a well-known entrepreneur and philanthropist. Three generations later, the companies he set to build are solidly growing and still run by the family, regardless of institutionalisation. Since those days, Mifel is a customer service oriented company. Although this is a common theme among many institutions today, Mifel’s establishment of the perspective dates back to the company’s inception.
    
Growth to date
Today, Mifel is a full bank with more than 50 products and services, such as electronic banking, ATM’s, credit and debit cards etc. It consists of a bank, a factoring company, a leasing company and an investment portfolio management team. Mifel’s factoring company was created to provide liquidity to the suppliers of retail chains through any bank, which together with its strategy of innovation and service quality has allowed the institution to be a leader in the field. On the leasing side, Mifel has been steadily growing given its much diversified portfolio of customers in several areas, while its investment manager role is supported by 20 proprietary funds and 32 more that Mifel co-distributes from eight other financial firms. This allows Mifel to offer satisfactory returns to its clients and help them pursue their investment objectives.

On the banking side, Mifel has a strong and innovative physical presence in 32 banking outlets in the country, most of them in Mexico City which is of course the country’s economic and financial centre of gravity. Besides that, it has 16 bank modules widely distributed throughout the country and oriented specifically to the agricultural business sector, an area with great success and even more potential. Today, Mifel is the fifth largest distributor of federal farm funding in the country, a position it has steadily seen rising in the past few years.

Overall, Mifel Financial Group assets for the end of 2009 are $2.5bn, of which the majority is supported by its own deposits provided by its stable and loyal customer base from its private banking area and its well-located and efficient branches throughout the country, all of which have an average deposit base well above Mifel’s competitor’s level. Its portfolio, meanwhile, has been growing steadily in the areas where Mifel has been concentrating its placement efforts. A very efficient distribution across several sectors diminishes risk substantially: states and municipalities, construction developers, mortgage, factoring, corporative, small and midsized companies, agribusiness and leasing. Such portfolio is roughly 85 percent in Mifel’s banking activities, 11 percent in its factoring and four percent in the leasing businesses, well guarded by a capital base that as of the end of last year stood at 16.7 percent, well above the regulatory minimum required by the authorities and which gives Mifel a good base from which to grow in the future.

Grupo Financiero Mifel is an energetic team, able to differentiate itself and provide its customers with that which they expect from any financial institution: an unwavering commitment to service and quality. Mifel’s team strives always to be successful in communicating to its customers the concept of value it provides them with, a concept that stems from a five pillar design: human capital; first rate service; banking wisdom; best available technology, and always updated infrastructure. This all has allowed Mifel not only to grow in a healthy manner throughout the last few years but also to weather the storms that the financial sector has faced worldwide in the last couple of years. Furthermore, its business model allows Mifel to look into the future with the confidence that it has the tools to be successful with.

Technology at hand
One of the main drivers of Mifel’s future results is a comprehensive technology programme that encourages efficiency and contributes to strategic product and service quality goals. At the heart of this is EVOTEC, which stands for Technological Evolution at the institution. Mifel studied six different options for a completely new and comprehensive technological platform before deciding to partner with Finacle of Infosys, an Indian company at the forefront of banking platforms worldwide.

Mifel is thus in the midst of developing its new technological coordinates, ones that represent quite an institutional revolution since it does not want growth to hamper that which distinguishes the institution: service. On the contrary, service ought to be a more tangible asset for Mifel’s customer base as the institution grows. In this regard, technological changes might not be perceived by customers as of the first day of inception, but they are nonetheless key going forward. Mifel’s new information system will transform its banking core from scratch. A decision like this is often shied away by larger, more consolidated institutions, but it was not something that Mifel could give itself the luxury to refrain from embarking upon. All processes that in one way or another touch directly Mifel’s client exposure have been readily analysed with the following objective: “to make life easier for the customer”, which is the deciding factor when dilemmas come into place; everything in favour of the client, both today and tomorrow. Mifel is thus in the 15th month in the development of its new platform and will deliver by November of this year. Mifel’s new coordinates working with its clients will be forever changed, placing Mifel in the lead in terms of quality, innovative and flexible services.

It is in the light of this major breakthrough that Mifel finds itself as recipient for the second year in a row of World Finance’s prestigious award as best private bank in Mexico. Results speak for themselves, Mifel has its mission well in focus which is “to be recognised by our capability to understand and not only care for our unique and irreplaceable base of customers through a long term integral relationship in a safe atmosphere for generations to come delivering our capacities developed through the years.

Central America ties to China

Central America, the sandwich and gateway to both Americas, is comprised of seven countries: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panamá. It has a market of more than forty million people and an area of 524,000km2.

Arias & Munoz is unique in Central America, for it operates as a single firm rather than as an alliance of firms and currently has seven, fully-integrated offices in five countries: Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; and Costa Rica. It is recognised today as a solid and innovative legal firm that continues to spread its influence throughout the region.

With its core experience over a broad range of practice areas and industries, as well as its dedicated lawyers, Arias & Muñoz unlocks the region´s intricacies and subtle differences in laws for its clients. The firm is truly a one-step, one-stop law firm offering clients the benefits and demonstrated advantages that come from having all their regional businesses served from one, fully integrated base.

The firm is expert at advising international investors. Currently, the firm represents a wide range of companies, from large multinational corporations to small individual enterprises, (among whom are Global 500 and Fortune 500 companies), nationally, regionally and globally.

For the past three years, especially since Costa Rica opened diplomatic relations with China in 2007, Arias & Muñoz has become increasingly aware of the subtleties of doing business that fulfill the legal needs of Chinese investors not only within Costa Rica but also in the rest of Central America.

Founding partner Pedro Muñoz, and a young law student, Luis Diego Rodríguez, visited China on a fact-finding mission and cultivated ties with both the business and education community. Muñoz has since returned to China several times and intends spending at least six months living in Beijing in the early part of 2011.

A brief reference on the work executed by Arias & Muñoz-Costa Rica in Chinese Direct Investment is its legal advice to the Bank of China and Sinosure (China’s import/export credit agency) in the first Sino-Central American financial transaction. It resulted in an unprecedented pledge over leased equipment.

Huawei Technologies of China, who supplied the equipment, and CABEI, who undertook the “fronting”, set up a joint venture and won the Costa Rican Electricity Institute’s (Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad – ICE) tender for installing the necessary infrastructure for Costa Rica’s first 3G network  – comprising 950,000 lines – introduced in mid-December 2009 with a value of $235m. The 3G network is crucial for ICE because it allows it to compete in Costa Rica’s recently opened-up telecommunications market.

The joint venture received financing from the Bank of China to finance the purchase of lease-receivables in a form that the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) originally structured.

Strengthening bonds
Additionally, it is important to highlight that the Costa Rican government is conscious of the importance of strengthening business ties with China (Costa Rica’s second trading partner). As a background of Costa Rica’s investment relations with China: on October 24, 2007, both countries signed an agreement for promoting and protecting investments in which they sought to create the most favourable conditions for investors in each party’s respective country. As a result of this agreement, Chinese investors, for example, will enjoy constant protection and security within Costa Rica; also their investors will be treated either better or equally to the investments and associated activities of Costa Rican investors or any other third-party country investor.

On February 10 this year, after fourteen months of negotiations, Costa Rica finalised a free trade agreement with China. China has opened its market to 99.6 percent of Costa Rican traded products; and Costa Rica offered China an immediate opening into Costa Rica of 58 percent of goods with zero tariff; 25 percent of products with tariff reduction to zero after 10 years from the execution of the agreement; and seven percent of products with tariff reduction to zero after five years from signing. Costa Rica and China signed the free trade agreement on April 8, 2010, and it is currently pending ratification by the Costa Rican legislative branch to enter into force.

Chinese businesses and investments will increase substantially in Central American and especially in Costa Rica. By both coordinating closely with Chinese clients and identifying their particular needs, Arias & Muñoz is capable of providing excellent service, expert advice, and sound solutions. The continuing growth of their client list testifies to their success.

Belgium offers solutions to new tax legislation

These problems appeared in the midst of the well documented worldwide financial crisis, where debt ratios exploded and evidence of many state’s incapacity to handle social security and manage public finances and expenditure became more obvious every day.

Recent forecasts predict a decrease in domestic demand and eventually a drop in exports, despite the rise of public consumption and investments; fortunately, a recovery is expected some time this year.

When a Member State needs money and cannot count on economic development, especially in times of crisis, there aren’t many solutions: heavier taxation, or increase of the taxable basis, especially by driving out new taxpayers or undeclared funds.

Moreover, the signature of an important number of information exchange agreements and treaties, as well as compliance, as of January 1, 2010 with the EU savings’ related regulation and thus, the participation to the automatic exchange information system of the Savings Guideline, led to a more important restriction of bank secrecy.

This was inevitable: in Belgium, as elsewhere, the expanse of taxpayer liberty has been reduced a little bit more… once more.

So, the question remains: what can one still do to maintain those privileges and, if possible, improve its situation?

Belgian law firm Afschrift offers perspective on the changing face of European liberty.

Creativity and innovation
Create has always been the cornerstone of the team, a tax law firm created in 1994 as a partnership of lawyers specialising in tax issues.

Afschrift is a niche tax boutique, as tax issues are among those that can be dealt with most easily through a medium sized structure, because, given the speed of changes in tax law, in order to be really effective, a lawyer must be acutely exclusive.

The firm, headquartered in Brussels, the home of the European Commission and the Council of Ministers, has also strategically located offices throughout Europe, in Luxembourg, Geneva, Madrid and
Tel Aviv.

Notwithstanding its size, Afschrift, already a member of the 2009 World Finance 100 (www.worldfinance100.com) has been awarded as Best Belgian Tax Law Firm 2006 (Belgian Legal Awards), Corporate Tax Law Firm of the Year – Belgium 2009 (ACQ magazine), Best Law Firm in Belgium for Corporate Tax Law 2009 (Corporate International magazine), Boutique Tax Advisory Firm of the Year in Belgium 2010 (Corporate International magazine).

As for managing partner and founder Thierry Afschrift, also professor to the Free University of Brussels and deputy judge to the Court of Appeal, he has been selected as the Best Tax Lawyer-Belgium 2009 (World Finance) and is considered among the leading tax lawyers of his generation.

The secret of success of this small group of people is innovation: Afschrift’s lawyers are widely recognised for their creativity in the international tax planning field, while also concentrating on domestic tax and white collar crime law issues, as well as mergers and acquisitions, financial instruments and, especially, tax planning.

While professional excellence is permanently achieved by means of a profound and up-to-date knowledge and practice of the tax system and rules, most of the firm’s partners teach law at the university and the Brussels School of Economics and Management, of which Thierry Afschrift is the chairman of the Master on Tax Management.

All the firm’s lawyers also publish various articles in law reviews, while organising, at least twice a year, colloquiums on tax law topics.

International tax planning is the firm’s main activity. This is why Afschrift is also established in the most important market places: for example, the extremely innovative Luxembourg law can help clients with its sophisticated and advantageous structures for tax purposes while Spain is attractive, especially for operations connected with Latin America.

Afschrift’s lawyers are also active in litigation, defending clients during tax controls and before Belgian and EU courts; the firm has actually intervened in most of the important tax and white collar trials in Belgium throughout the years.

The firm’s clientele includes individuals, industrial and commercial companies, as well as several major banks and estate companies, established in Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Spain, Israel or elsewhere.

If there is a problem, there is a solution
Because of the traditionally heavy Belgian tax burden, the firm has always occupied in an important position in the nation’s business environment. Nevertheless, the firm’s target is not only to help clients navigate in the troubled waters of Belgian tax (over)regulation.

Of course, in the first place, one has to adapt his or her tax situation to the new rules and, to do so, the firm has developed a number of legal and efficient mechanisms and structures which may be used by any EU resident, individual or company.

But, on another level, Afschrift’s lawyers help individuals and corporations to plan their future operations in order to achieve tax optimisation. Confronted with such a situation, the taxpayers’ first concern is to avoid heavier taxation, thus counter-productivity and management problems.

The first solution is often the delocalisation of the people, of the business or the inheritance. From this point of view, Switzerland and Luxembourg offer the best alternatives as they have managed to contain their debt and stabilise their budget.

On a patrimonial level, acting in an environment such as the one described above, people will no longer be able to hide their inheritance but, instead, they will have to invest where the tax burden is lighter.

Asian places, Hong Kong and Singapore primarily, as well as other European places affected by the Savings Guideline, have started to put forward their master trumps. It is the same thing for Luxembourg, thanks to the extraordinary creativity of its lawmakers.

And Belgium?
One should not be mistaken, Belgium offers foreign investors several interesting possibilities.

Actually, it is important to know that Belgian law admits the “right to choose the least taxed way” principle, which essentially provides that the taxpayer has the right to choose, when setting up an operation, the most suitable route in order for his operation to generate the least taxes possible.

This principle, which concerns direct, indirect, inheritance and gift taxes, is essential in the tax optimisation activities of individuals or corporations and gives clients the opportunity to use, legally, Belgian or foreign structures in order to achieve their targets.

Beside this capital principle, a number of measures have been adopted these last few years in order to improve the country’s image abroad, as the Belgian economy has always been dependent on imports and international trade.

Thus, Belgian law has been enriched with various institutions and rules such as notional interest deduction, exemption of dividends from pre-levies, deduction of patent revenues and, of course, the OFP (Organisation for Financing of Pensions), which is a vehicle presenting important advantages and being used today by an important number of multinational companies in order to structure their pension funds.

Beside these rules, and the well known Belgian holding, Belgium has also set up special tax regimes for royalties and a “tax shelter” system for taxpayers who choose to invest in the audiovisual.

If applied as they should, these special regimes can be highly interesting for foreign investors.

Not only a job, but also a philosophy
A tax lawyer does more than optimise taxpayers’ patrimonial situation or trial tax cases.

More than all this, he takes on the tax authorities, thus the Member State. This is his/her real challenge: to make sure that authorities stop where the law specifies, and the role of the lawyer is to use the law for the benefit of those who consult him or her.

Afschrift’s lawyers are particularly attached to this idea of (tax) justice and this is a real trademark of the firm.
In conclusion, Afschrift draws upon the diversity of its attorneys and their talents while preserving an efficient structural organisation and permanently trying to provide state-of-the-art professional services and, in the same time, attend to the respect of the rights of the taxpayer.

For further information: www.afschrift.com

PVI partners with Oman investment fund

PetroVietnam Insurance Corporation (PVI) was established in 1996 as a captive insurance company for the Vietnam Oil & Gas Corporation currently known as the Vietnam National Oil & Gas Group (PetroVietnam). PVI has positioned itself as a leader in industrial insurance in Vietnam, having become the leader in key markets. PVI currently holds nearly all of the energy insurance market share; about 30 percent of marine insurance market share and around 40 percent of property and engineering insurance market. The company has strived to become a regional prestigious Insurance and Finance Group over the past years.

Since its inception with only 20 staff and an initial chartered capital of roughly $1m, PVI has become after 14 years of development the largest capital invested insurer in the Vietnam insurance market with total equity and assets being $135m and $338m respectively as of the first quarter of 2010. PVI has successfully accomplished its mission of providing insurance services for property risks and business operations of PetroVietnam and has become the second largest insurance company in Vietnam in terms of revenue. PVI has gradually narrowed the gap between itself and Bao Viet, the existing leading non-life insurance company in Vietnam. According to Vietnam’s Ministry of Finance, by the end of Q2 2010, PVI has become the largest insurer in the non-life insurance market in terms of GWP, attaining 23.4 percent of the market share, while Bao Viet holds 22.9 percent.

Bao Viet has been the largest dominant in the market for nearly 50 years since its establishment in 1965. Taking over the number one from Bao Viet given the competitive and crowded local market with 28 non-life insurance companies, should therefore be considered a turning point for not only PVI but also the whole insurance market of Vietnam.

Maintaining and developing its core business of industrial insurance, PVI has established itself as the leading industrial insurance company in Vietnam for a number of years. PVI’s customers include large industrial and service sector  groups in Vietnam such as the Posts and Telecommunications Group, Vietnam Electricity Group, Vietnam Shipbuilding Industry Group to name a few, as well as leading international institutions and companies such as Gazprom, Conoco Phillips, Chevron, Nippon Oil, Petronas, Talisman, KNOC etc. Quoting Mr. Nguyen Anh Tuan, PVI’s Chairman, “PVI is proud to be an insurance company being able to sustain sustainable growth among leading local insurers while maintaining a strong competitive capability. Our aspiration is to bring about the best benefits to our customers and shareholders. I firmly believe PVI’s brand slogan the “Flame of Trust” will continue to shine splendidly not only in the domestic market but also internationally.”

PVI’s performance has been indeed very impressive. PVI has been maintaining the highest growth rate of gross written premiums for the last few years. From 2006 to 2009, PVI’s average growth rate has been 34 percent meanwhile other key players such as Bao Viet, Bao Minh and PJICO were only able to sustain growth rate of 18 percent, 10 percent and 22 percent respectively (Vietnam Insurance Association, 2009). Meanwhile, PVI has consistently enjoyed loss ratios significantly lower than the average ratio of the market. This further evidences PVI’s risks management capability and professionalism of its sales force. It should also be noted that PVI was one of the first non-life insurance enterprises in Vietnam to successfully develop and apply comprehensive business management software.

Being established initially as a captive insurance company for PetroVietnam, PVI had been given the responsibility to provide insurance coverage for PetroVietnam’s assets, construction works and projects and for PetroVietnam’s projects abroad. Since its foundation, PVI has had the ambition to become one of the leading insurers in Vietnam market and furthermore to develop itself into a leading Insurance – Finance Institution in the region. And for the past 14 years, PVI has kept itself on track to realize these goals. Not only having been locally recognised as the second largest non-life insurer in Vietnam, PVI has been a vanguard of the Vietnam insurance industry while forging a path to integrate itself into the international market. PVI remains a very important partner to giant international reinsurers in Vietnam market regarding reinsurance placement capacity and frequency. This is evidenced in both Facultative and Treaty placement activities. PVI has placed two remarkable international treaties being an Offshore Facility with the Lloyd’s market and an Onshore Facility with leading international reinsurers having limits of liability of $450m and $1.54bn respectively.

PVI is the first and as Q1 2010 the only company in Vietnam rated by A.M. Best and that is financial strength rating is B+ (Good). This provides a platform for PVI to integrate into international finance-insurance market. At present, PVI is the only local insurer to accept foreign risks including risks in Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and Russia and even in fresh markets such as North Africa, Middle America.

Aiming to become an insurance company with the largest market capitalisation in Vietnam, PVI has recently conducted a capital raising effort through which PVI has selected Oman Investment Fund (OIF) as a strategic shareholder with the OIF having acquired a 12.6 percent stake of the enlarged share capital of PVI. Raising capital and selecting an international financial institution as strategic partner are among strategies to develop PVI into a combined finance-insurance institution. OIF will be involved in investment projects taking part in management and control processes of those projects. PVI expects to learn from its strategic partner’s management experience, skills, and high technologies knowledge. As an international experienced investment fund with a worldwide business network, it is hoped that OIF will bring benefits to PVI’s business development. Quoting Mr. Bui Van Thuan, PVI’s CEO regarding this event, “Engaging in strategic partnership with OIF helps facilitate PVI business operations abroad by providing insurance service to Petrovietnam Group’s oil and gas exploration and development activities in Oman as well as enabling further accesses to potential Middle East markets being the world’s capital of natural oil. The successful transaction with OIF reaffirms PVI’s brand-name and helps to bring the Vietnam brand-name in general to the international market”.

PVI will continue its plan of organisational restructuring in accordance with international standards, enhancing competitive capability and strive to be an internationally recognised finance-insurance institution. With the great achievements earned over the last years, PVI is indeed a role model for Vietnam insurance companies.

As seen at the World Cup and Expo 2010

Not many countries with two million people and an area of 20, 0000 sq. km have played in the 2010 World Cup, and are attracting thousands of visitors to the Slovenian pavilion in Shanghai designed around the fact that its capital Ljubljana is also this year’s UNESCO World Book Capital.

Companies that want to relocate or set up subsidiaries in a country with good growth prospects where starting a business is easy, investor protection is high, both labour and taxation are value for money and life is great, will find Slovenia to be a location of choice.

Gradual economic recovery is on track after experiencing the flipside of Slovenia’s economy relying too much on exports and investment in infrastructure projects. The Slovenian government has scaled back new infrastructure projects and new loans by state-controlled banks on the one hand and on the other its measures for overcoming the credit crunch and revive corporate investment and household consumption have been successful. The action plan for reducing red tape in order to facilitate foreign direct investment, as well as entrepreneurship and competitiveness, is bearing fruit. According to the Doing Business 2010 data, Slovenia is 53rd out of 183 economies and knowing that it is still “work-in-progress”, investors can look forward to a VIP treatment.

A wealth of experience
Slovenia’s pro-enterprise and innovative environment makes it a high-value location and a production platform strategically placed to serve customers in the distant markets with the ease enjoyed when serving customers in the regional markets. In addition to Slovenia’s   strategic location and its position between the most developed countries and the emerging economies, the country’s overall cost structure is highly competitive: infrastructure, utilities, labour, tax … Corporate income tax rate in Slovenia is 20 percent in 2010 (10 percent for companies that operate in special economic zones) and there is no payroll tax. As regards Slovenia’s workforce, there is a pool of talented people with technical expertise, knowledge of foreign languages and minds that fear no challenge.

Investors will appreciate local availability of supply network and industry clusters, and availability of raw materials: wood, metals, agricultural products. The steadily improving fiscal and incentive regimes spell out success for those looking for the “regional approach” – an opportunity for foreign investors to serve the markets of the Western Balkans but also of East Europe. A host of innovative small companies often born as a result of the structural reforms of the Slovenian economy famous for large manufactures in a wide range of both light and heavy industries, illustrate the flexibility of the country and its people. A long industrial tradition in the country equally proud of its artisans and artists has made Slovenian products highly praised objects in households, on the road, at sea and in the air.

Whether investors come up with a greenfield or a brownfield project that requires development or redevelopment, Slovenia has to offer the facilities, knowledge and experience to handle every aspect of investors’ requirements.

Investors will benefit from a professional and competitive approach and a host of free-of-charge complementary services provided by the highly trained staff of JAPTI, Public Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Entrepreneurship and Foreign Investments. A bespoke service for foreign investors and entrepreneurs, JAPTI puts specialised experts at investor service to work with them to help plan and launch investment projects. Slovenia may not be able to quote a couple of thousand of well-known international corporations with operations on its soil, but there is a couple of hundred of foreign-owned companies and they are here to stay.

Slovenia’s competitive strengths for FDI
– Political and economic stability.
– Membership of EU, NATO, euro zone, OECD, IMF.
– A geostrategic location at the heart of the enlarged EU.
– Well-developed general and ICT infrastructure and a deep-sea port in Koper.
– Highly- skilled and dedicated workforce: 60 percent of 25-65-year-olds have secondary education, 23 percent have higher and high education. English, German and Italian are widely spoken.
– The foreign direct investment in Slovenia has mainly targeted the financial and service sectors (20 percent), the chemical sector (16 percent) and the retail sector (14 percent).

For more information Tel: +386 (0) 1 5891 870; Email: fdi@japti.si; www.InvestSlovenia.org

Switzerland: Tour d’horizon

Switzerland remains a solid location for financial and corporate investments. While the country officially went into recession early in 2009, the Swiss economy has again showed promising signs of recovery. Switzerland has not experienced a severe credit crunch as seen in other parts of the world. The unemployment rate early in 2010 is below four percent and is thus much lower than predicted.

Switzerland hosts, since its formation in 1930, the world’s oldest international financial organisation, the Bank for International Settlement (BIS), which acts as bank for the most important central banks. Switzerland is a member of the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision. Other international organisations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the United Nations Organisation (UNO) with the largest representation office outside the New York headquarters and other UN organisations, the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) or the World Economic Forum (WEF) are also located in Switzerland, to name a few. On 11 June 2010, the General Assembly of the UNO elected a Swiss as President of the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly.

Switzerland seems attractive to foreign companies and (ultra) high-net-worth individuals and employees for various reasons, such as free capital flows, open markets including labour market, legal, political and economic stability with an independent and secure currency, high legal certainty, effective protection of social and economic privacy, efficient data protection, pragmatic regulation of the financial services industry, reasonable taxation, excellent educational systems on all levels, availability of skilled employees, top infrastructure and high personal quality of life. Further, the real estate market is robust. Not only more and more finance firms such as hedge fund managers move to Switzerland, but also large industrial US firms that establish their European headquarters, operation centers, research entities or manufacturing or trading sites in Switzerland – like Phillip Morris, Hewlett Packard, Dow Chemicals, Johnson & Johnson, Transocean, Noble Corporation, Google, Sempra Energy, to name a few.

Switzerland is neither a member state of the European Union (EU) nor of the European Economic Area (EEA), but of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This renders Switzerland the autonomy to regulate its financial services industry as it deems appropriate.

Switzerland is one of the world’s leading financial centres. Market surveys show that the Swiss financial market has experienced a veritable boom, not so much due to banking and insurance but mainly due to new financial service providers such as hedge funds, private equity firms, venture-capital firms, independent asset managers, hedge funds or trust companies. There has been no private equity crisis at all in Switzerland.

There are many Swiss financial intermediaries of international weight. Most notably, UBS and Credit Suisse provide not only global asset management but also investment banking services, able to advise large international enterprises on a global scale. Zurich Financial Services and Swiss Re are very strong global (re-)insurers.

Glencore and Mercuria are amongst the world’s leading commodities traders; XStrata is one of the global leading mining enterprises. Switzerland is also a stronghold for pharmaceutical enterprises such as the global players Roche and Novartis, but also for smaller biotech niche players. The country is the home base for large nutrition companies such as Nestlé and hosts Swatch and Rolex and others active in luxury watch manufacturing.

Overall, Swiss banks are in a “comparatively strong” position, not having been badly hit by either the sub-prime crisis or the collapse of Lehman Brothers. The deposit guarantee for Swiss investors was increased from 30,000 Swiss Francs to 100,000 Swiss Francs ($90,000) in December 2008 by the Swiss parliament, which is a clear and meaningful sign to boost business confidence. The insurance comes from the banks themselves, who are required to hold assets in Switzerland that amount to 125 percent of the protected deposits. It’s maybe a typical Swiss solution that, to the extent possible, no taxpayer’s money is involved.

Mark-Oliver Baumgarten is a partner at Swiss business law firm Staiger, Schwald & Partner. He is head of the banking, finance and capital markets team. For more information tel: +41 58 387 80 00; email:
mark-oliver.baumgarten@ssplaw.ch; www.ssplaw.ch

Advising strategic acquisitions

Muthanna Investment Company was incorporated on March 17th, 1999 as an investment company carrying on business in accordance with the Noble Islamic Sharia’a. The company’s roots extend back to 1977 when its Parent, Kuwait Finance House (KFH), was made the first Islamic financial institution in Kuwait. With the intention to be its investment arm, KFH established its wholly-owned Muthanna Investment Company to go with its business beyond the local and regional to the international markets. By such packing, in terms of know-how and experiences of its Board of Directors and Executive Management, Muthanna Investment exceeded all expectations – its own or market measures – and is now positioned as a major investment maker and developer in the region.

Since activation in 2004, one of our strengths is the diversified business activities that enable us to smoothly enter the local and international markets and expand our business, either regionally or internationally, in line with our strategic vision and objectives.

Islamic finance is considered one of the fastest-growing markets in the world to the extent it became a global phenomenon and developed far beyond rendering financial services to offer various attractive opportunities for investors. As a result, demands for Islamic products and instruments are growing significantly not only in the Middle East and Asia but also in Europe and both Americas.

Our corporate finance group can help individual and corporate customers with their unique capital needs, from raising startup capital to debt financing and feasibility evaluations, by providing customised products to reducing financing costs and increase the returns using Sharia compliant modes of finance.

The group consists of three major areas: private equity, structure finance and transaction advisory embracing professionals with sound knowledge and experience staff.

Transaction advisory services is committed to assisting clients with critical business decisions by applying our insights, providing innovations and leveraging our experience to each unique situation. We work with our clients to provide tailored financial solutions, strategic consulting and analysis specifically related to issues involved in business transactions and transitions to achieve client’s business objectives.

From evaluating business opportunities to providing corporate and financial restructuring, IPO advisory and execution, business valuations, advising on mergers & acquisitions, private placements and underwriting. Transaction advisory strives to help clients with their financial needs.

During the years, transaction advisory services engaged on numerous transactions and deals that placed Muthanna Investment Company on top chart of the Islamic Investment companies.  Our independent and perceptive view on all business deals and transactions, presented us with an unshakable confidence among our clients.

Working across a wide range of sectors has embedded in us the flexibility to adapt and understand the business dynamics as well as providing a widespread and comprehensive conception of the industry. Our diverse experience in industries includes Real Estate, logistics, aviations, insurance, foodstuff and we continue to add more to our industry capabilities.

Transaction advisory track record
Al-Masaken International Real Estate Company K.S.C.C.
The Company’s primary focus of operation is the development of residential projects in Kuwait with expansion plans on the anvil to cover wider GCC markets. Muthanna Investment Company acted as Placement Manager & Co-Advisor for Al-Masaken’s capital increase in a deal of $44,600,000.

ALAFCO
ALAFCO Aviation Lease and Finance Company KSCC is an emergent provider of innovative Sharia-based commercial aircraft leasing products. Muthanna Investment Company acted as Lead Manager and Listing Advisor for ALAFCO in the pre-listing placement phase in a transaction amounting to $84,630,000.

Al Rai Logistica Company K.S.C.C.
Al-Rai Logistica is a company specialising in operating and providing third party logistics services. Muthanna Investment Company acted as Lead Placement Manager to increase the capital to $103,000,000 in a deal of $50,000,000.
 
Finzels Reach
Finzels Reach consists of a prominent mixed-use development site in the city centre of Bristol, England. The site has extensive river frontage as well as excellent road links within the city centre and to the Bristol ring road. The immediate vicinity has a mix of both new and historic residential, office and retail accommodations. Muthanna Investment Company acted as an Underwriter for the project, as well as a Joint Venture sponsor with a project size of approximately $430m.

Muthanna Financial Brokerage Company
Muthanna Investment Company owns a 99.9 percent of Muthanna Financial Brokerage Company’s capital (previously: International Markets Brokerage Company) after an acquisition deal at a value of $50,000,000. The Company is licensed by Kuwait Stock Exchange to provide financial brokerage services; its vision is to become the largest financial brokerage network in the GCC for local and international markets leveraging the latest technology.

Muthanna Takaful Insurance Company K.S.C.C.
Muthanna Investment Company established a takaful insurance company with a stake of 50 percent, namely, Muthanna Takaful Insurance Company with a capital of $17,000,000 to provide Sharia compliant insurance services including property and general accident, marine, motor and re-insurance products.

Abyaar Real Estate Development Co. K.S.C.C.
Muthanna Investment Company acted as the financial advisor for Abyaar Real Estate Development Co. and several other institutions to provide comprehensive financial and debt restructuring plus granting advisory on designing the best structure on selecting suitable financing that match the company’s requirements. Muthanna Investment Company had successfully restructured $69,000,000 worth of debts for Abyaar Real Estate Development Co.

During the recession many institutions and investors wonder when the economy will start heading in the right direction. However, Muthanna Investment Company looked at the current financial situation as an opportunity to make strategic acquisitions, offer financial and debt restructuring.

We persist on protecting and growing our clients and shareholder’s interests and wealth as we aim to be the leading full-fledge Islamic Investment Company in the region.

Project finance recovers

Listed on the Euronext Lisbon Stock Exchange, Banif Financial Group is the fourth largest private Portuguese financial institution and one of the most internationally established, being present in 17 countries whilst having a strategic focus on the Iberian and Latin American. BANIF Investment Bank embodies the investment banking and asset management divisions of Banif Financial Group.

The bank’s strategy is embedded in the global reach and local approach concept, built upon a global product-market matrix structure, which is adapted and customised to each local market where the bank operates.

Moreover, it enables the development of opportunities and synergies across the various markets in which it operates.

The success of its clients, shareholders and employees is the driver of the success of BANIF Investment Bank and reflects the values embraced by the Group: confidence, humanism, effectiveness, innovation, ambition.

Structured finance
The structured finance team provides financial advisory services and bank financing to various segments of renewable energy and infrastructure including transport, healthcare, environment and social infrastructures.

Advisory services offered to the public sector (central and regional governments, municipalities, local authorities, etc) include funding strategy definition, analysis of feasibility and structuring long term infrastructure concessions, including public private partnerships and the public sector comparator.

Also, BANIF Investment Bank offers financial advisory services and debt financing to private sector entities (sponsors, bidding consortia, concessionaires or SPVs) including structuring, arranging and underwriting project finance debt associated with infrastructure projects and PPP concessions.

The bank also provides structuring, arranging and underwriting of senior debt facilities in the context of M&A transactions financed through acquisition finance structures, participating either as sole MLA or within a syndicate of banks or club deal in MBO, LBO and MBI transactions.

The structured finance department operates in Lisbon, São Paulo and Barcelona, with local execution teams, which include specialists with vast experience both locally and internationally, and work closely with other areas of the bank such as corporate finance, capital markets and private equity, in order to provide a fully integrated service to the bank’s clients.

BANIF Investment Bank keeps up with the pace of its clients in what comes to being flexible, rapid and innovative in order to successfully “make transactions happen”.

The global financial and banking crisis has had a significant impact on project and acquisition finance lending in the past 24 months. From H1 2008 the market has suffered with restricted access to credit and increased margins resulting in a severe decrease in transactions closed and a thinner pipeline of deals. Project finance deal volumes in 2009, according to Infrastructure Journal, were similar to those in 2005. Transaction volumes in Western Europe have decreased 48 percent in 2009 from 2008, but this region continues to be the most important. Spain led with 89 transactions, Portugal had the largest renewables deal in 2009 and Brazil saw a record year with the largest transactions in the power, oil and gas and transport sectors in Latin America.

Notwithstanding the difficult market conditions, Iberia and Brazil have proved its importance in terms of number and relevance of transactions, as well as presence of internationally renowned sponsors.

In Q1 2010, there was a sense that the crisis had reached its bottom in what concerned limited-recourse lending, with a number of transactions moving through the pipeline or slowly returning to the market. The market was apparently stabilizing after 2009 market disruption. However, the sovereign crisis, starting with Greece being unable to refinance part of its public debt and a number of large European economies posting scaring 2009 budget deficit and public debt numbers, has impacted the market and caused renewed uncertainty in liquidity, availability of credit and cost of funds. Currently, the markets witness a fragile response to severe European-wide political measures to reduce budget deficits and public debt levels in a desperate effort to calm the markets and its investors’ confidence in large European economies credit ratings, namely Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland.

With less commercial debt available, and at a higher cost, public sponsors and private sector bidders are finding it difficult to finance infrastructure projects and companies wanting to grow from acquisitions are getting “no” answers from previously active banks in the acquisition finance market. Additionally, a number of high profile international banks withdrew completely from limited-recourse lending and faced critical liquidity situations, which frequently involved government support or “bail-outs”.

In this difficult market context, Banif Investment Bank has benefited from the sound financial solvability and capitalisation of the Banif Financial Group to increase its presence and awareness in the structured finance market, focusing in financial advisory, but also structuring and participating in club deals for  renewable and infrastructure projects.

BANIF Investment Bank holds a relevant track record in advising, arranging and underwriting long term funding for renewable energy production projects, namely solar photovoltaic, wind power, biomass and solar thermal.

In particular, BANIF Investment Bank has lead the Portuguese market in the solar photovoltaic technology in 2009 when the Bank closed three important deals with the main renewable players in Portugal in a total of over 24MW. Indeed, BANIF Investment Bank is now recognized by its expertise and experience in structuring and taking successfully to financial close transactions in this sector. The solar photovoltaic market and technology know-how is an important asset to the Bank as it has constantly been approach by the market’s leading players, both in Portugal and in Spain to structure new transactions.

BANIF Investment Bank is also participating in one of the largest thermal solar projects in Spain, together with a club of leading Iberian banks, and a group of leading Portuguese and Spanish sponsors. This new technology is a major growth area in Iberia in the solar sub-sector of renewables and BANIF Investment Bank is looking forward to enhancing its participation in similar deals.

Furthermore, the bank is analysing a long list of rooftop photovoltaic projects in Iberia with leading financial and strategic sponsors. The number of solar rooftop projects currently being promoted is significant in Iberia, as the market starts moving from a centralized production approach to a mass production and user-producer approach, supported by central and local governments and legislation favoring its feed-in tariff vis-à-vis centralised ground structures which are starting to suffer the pressure of tariff revision given the amount of installed MW, particularly in Spain.

In what comes to wind energy projects, BANIF Investment Bank has participated in the largest renewable transaction in 2009, a Portuguese wind projects portfolio refinancing, and is continuing to invest resources and lend long term to wind energy projects in Iberia and Brazil. The bank has successfully advised a leading Portuguese sponsor in the auction of wind projects promoted by Brazilian regulator ENEEL, achieving a total of over 218 MW of wind power capacity awarded in Brazil.  This experience is to be repeated as new wind power projects are being tendered by the government in Brazil and the bank is advising a number of clients. In 2010 the bank aims to extend its presence in the wind sector and is already analyzing a number of relevant transactions in Portugal, Spain and Brazil with leading sponsors.

Besides renewable, adverse market conditions have not been an obstacle for BANIF Investment Bank in providing financing for infrastructure projects, namely hospital PPPs and road concessions.

BANIF Investment Bank aims at become a reference  player in Iberia and Brazil in structured finance transactions, involving structuring and underwriting debt for renewable energy projects, infrastructure concessions and providing acquisition finance to M&A transactions either cross border or local, in Portugal, Spain and Brazil.

Sectors where Banif operates:
Healthcare: from 2009 the Bank has been involved in three hospital PPP concession projects and in different roles: as adviser to a bidding consortium, as Lead Arranger and as MLA;

Road concessions: BANIF Investment Bank has advised two concessionaires in restructuring the concession and financing agreements, has advised a potential bidding party in a feasibility study of a road concession, has advised a regional Government in the preparation and negotiation of a new road concession and has been a Lead Arranger in the largest road concession transaction recently closed in Portugal;

Other infrastructure: the bank has been active in providing financial advice to a consortium of leading sponsors in a public tender for a new port logistics platform concession, advising a municipal entity in the structuring and preparation of a tender process for a waste management concession, and was an MLA in the most relevant infrastructure asset acquisition in Spain in 2009.

Vasco Pinto Ferreira is an Executive Board Member, BANIF Investment Bank

Continuous growth for market leader

The bank has remained the most profitable in Bolivia for the fourth year in a row. In order to achieve these profits, the bank cut costs significantly, therefore being able to counteract the significant decrease in interest rates that affected the financial system. The bank continued its growth strategy both in deposits, loans and investments. The bank opted to reinforce the sale of products and services that aim to retain customers, and sell them complementary products, therefore making the relationships more profitable and advantageous for both the bank and the customers.

The liquidity indicators were improved considerably during the past year. The bank decided to keep more liquid investments outside the country in order to diversify its risk, but also to seek larger returns.

Among the most important actions done in the past year are:

1 The bank continued its commercial strategy, and its growth continued, especially in the retail banking division, therefore diversifying its risk and owning a less concentrated loan portfolio.

2 The bank branch network reached 69 offices, the largest for any bank in Bolivia. The bank opened four offices in the past twelve months in two different cities. The expansion aims to have our customers spend less time in our offices, and keep serving non customers of the bank in all sort of services.

3 The bank purchased and installed its own ATM switch, therefore the bank has been able to obtain a higher and better control of its network, and has released new and innovative services that are unique in the country in this channel, such as the payment of loans, and credit cards, transfer to third party accounts, and providing a consolidated position of the customer. The bank currently has 215 ATMs, remaining as the largest network in the country, and is going to install 36 more until August.

4 The bank’s home page (www.bmsc.com.bo) was rereleased during the past year. This new design aimed at making the page more accessible to our clients, release an image more according to the image released in 2008, but most importantly it includes a new version of digital certification by Verisign, therefore being the only bank in Bolivia to have a visual authentication feature for its home page and it also has a new application firewall to prevent hacker attacks.

5 The bank launched for the second year its campaign for its Super Makro Cuenta product. This saving account offers $5,000 prizes every week, and on May 2009 it offered a large prize of $142,000. The campaign was successful once again, and the product continues to position itself as the most important savings account product in the country. In order to expand this benefit to our base of customers the bank decided that all savings account opened through an agreement to pay salaries for companies, will now be part of this product.

6 The bank continued its release of insurance products. The Debit Card Insurance released in 2008 achieved a high success and now almost 30 percent of retail division debit cards have the insurance. Among the new insurances released are one to protect the contents of customers homes, and perhaps the most innovative service in the financial market, is the Purse Insurance, which protects female customers against purse snatching.

7 At the end of 2009 the bank improved its internal loan  process and was able to launch a campaign to approve its vehicle and personal loans in 24 hours. Beginning in February 2010 the bank has included its mortgages products in its 24 hour approval process.

8 Banco Mercantil Santa Cruz also worked to improve the quality of its service, and automatised its most important business processes, including work flows for the loan process, for the pricing processes and others. The bank changed, in the past year, significantly 65 processes that will relieve the front office personnel work load, and aims at having a higher quality of service in our branches.

9 The bank released its new fidelity programme, “Puntos por Todo”, which rewards customers with points for every type of transaction that they execute in certain channels or with certain products. For example the bank rewards internet transactions, credit and debit card purchases, the timely payment of loan charges, the increase of deposits, among others.

The loan portfolio increased significantly in the retail division, and the corporate division deposits grew at a very large rate and the bank has as of March 31st 2010 was still the largest bank in terms of loans and deposits.

The bank has a loan portfolio of approximately $796,000,000 and deposits for almost $1,638,000,000. Those figures account for a 19.5 percent of the loans market share and 23.5 percent of the deposits market share, and although keeping both shares is quite difficult in any country or market, the bank aims every year at maintaining its market position.

However, the bank is not the leader only because of its size or its origins and tradition, but also because of its solvency, growth, and specially commitment with all of its stakeholders. The bank has consistently grown in its profits, grown in assets and deposits; this sustainable growth reflects a serious strategy and the help of the human resources available at the bank. The reputation and the conservative and solvency image that customers have of the bank is also a very important intangible, which no other bank in Bolivia has.

Family banker to familiar entrepreneur

Founded in 1926, Banca March is the foremost family-owned Spanish bank. Soundness, prudence and a close-knit relationship with its clients are the cornerstone values of a bank that has been around for nearly a century. Banca March also has the best solvency ratio among Spanish banks and one of the highest in European banking (19.7 percent Core Capital and Tier 1 as at December 2009). Its non-performing loan ratio is one of the lowest in the Spanish financial system (2.82 percent in 2009), namely due to the excellent quality of its investment portfolio, and it has a high allowance coverage ratio for insolvencies (97.20 percent), in accordance with the standards comprised in the bank’s philosophy. Banca March maintains its A2 Moody’s rating for long-term deposits, and P1 – the highest level – for short-term deposits. As Bank President Carlos March points out, “as part of our banking and family enterprise business philosophy, which has been in place for nearly one hundred years, one of the constants in our corporate values has been to allocate the majority of our profit to strengthening the balance sheet as a symbolic sign of our prudence.”

 During the past three fiscal years Banca March has taken important steps to develop a new strategic focus: as regional bank on the Balearic Islands – where it was founded and has its headquarters – and as the bank of reference for the mid-to-high and high client segments for Private Banking, Wealth Management and Business Banking (particularly family-owned businesses and entrepreneurial families). The bank continues to place emphasis on these strategic areas, all the while markedly reinforcing its teams.

“We are a family bank, with the fourth generation currently filling the highest levels of the Board. We are focused on meeting our clients’ needs and managing their equity in all its different facets: entrepreneurial, financial and diversification. Our success is based on having a very clearly defined strategy. Our objective is to reinforce long-term relationships with our clients, with the hope of continuing these into the coming generations. Offering family-owned businesses added value is one of our corporate values, and one of which we are very proud,” says Banca March CEO Francisco Verdú.

The wealth management team is made up of 50 professionals spread across six regional locations: Madrid, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Catalonia, Levante and Aragon, the latter three having opened in 2009 and 2010.

Most impressive has been the growth in wealth management in the regions of Catalonia and Levante, where the volume of assets under management has doubled. The private banking segment, which is aimed mainly at mid-sized patrimonies, has also been strengthened as a result of streamlining and organisational changes, and the incorporation of specialised teams in the most important offices within the network.

“At a time of crisis within the private banking industry, we have known how to value our offer and have obtained excellent results in spite of the situation,” says Rafael Gascó, Managing Director of wealth management for Banca March. “The crisis in private banking is due to clients losing confidence in their money managers, basically for two reasons: because sales were given priority over service and because the products being sold were incomprehensible not only to the clients, but to the bankers themselves.”

“One of the most crucial parts of our value proposition is estate planning. As a result of continuing regulatory and fiscal changes, we must constantly revise our clients’ estate planning needs,” adds Gascó. “Due to changing sentiments emerging within this sector and clients’ increased aversion to risk, it is essential that we be able to offer them products with value added which generate foreseeable cash flows, and are also transparent and simple to understand. This is something we appreciate at Banca March.”

One of the aspects that differentiates Banca March is the joint investment contract. Clients have the possibility of investing in different businesses in which the March Group brings management capabilities and know-how, and takes a stake in the projects it launches. Through Deyá Capital, a venture capital firm created in 2008 and held principally by Corporación Financiera Alba (Banca March’s Group), the bank offers the possibility to jointly acquire significant stakes in companies not listed on the Iberian market. Up to now, investments have been made in Ros Roca and Ocibar, and new opportunities are at an advanced stage. In line with this philosophy of providing offers with a high degree of value added, Banca March offered its clients the chance to invest in the so-called “Proyecto Arbol” (sale and lease back of BBVA real estate) and it is currently studying other similar projects.  

During the last two years, Banca March’s wealth management/private banking business has recorded more than double-digit sustained growth, making it one of the companies with the most assets under management in this segment, while already being one of the companies with a major presence on the national market place. “We are proud to say that we are a respected brand not only by our clients, but also by our competitors and by professionals working in this segment,” highlights the head of wealth management. 

Profile
The Banca March Group encompasses a variety of activities: banking, conducted directly by the parent company, Banca March; investment and pension fund management, handled by March Gestión; and insurance activities, through Banca March as the associated banking-insurance operator, and March-Unipsa as insurance brokers. March Unipsa is one of the top five Spanish brokers in the insurance business and the first one composed entirely of Spanish capital.

Through its business banking unit and corporate finance department, the bank provides the strategic consulting services necessary to implement companies’ expansion plans, helping them obtain credit as well as assisting them in finding partners in this growth process.

March Gestión, Banca March’s investment arm, combines creating long-term value with safeguarding equity in the belief that active management is an important source of value added for the profitability of any investment portfolio. March Group’s experience in investing in business projects, in the tactical allocation of assets and in the selection of medium and long-term investments are the characteristics which predominate the work of the management professionals.

A prime example of this investment philosophy are the SICAVs (Investment Company with Variable Capital) managed by March Gestión de Fondos. Torrenova, one of the group’s banner portfolios, has accumulated a return well above the Euribor 3M, IBEX 35 or MSCI World in the last decade. These returns have been achieved through sustained growth in contrast to the considerable fluctuations recorded in the key indicators.

At the end of 2009 March Gestión launched Vini Catena F.I., the first global equity fund investing in a selection of some of the finest companies involved in the wine value chain, a very attractive sector in terms of yield/risk to diversify any investment portfolio. Since its launch in December 2009, and despite the overall drop in stock exchanges, this equity fund yielded a nine percent return.

In 2009 March Gestión recorded double-digit growth in assets under management and added 23 new SICAVs. More than 80 percent of its funds and SICAVs exceeded benchmark rates.

Through the group’s majority shareholding in the listed firm Corporación Financiera Alba, Banca March owns significant stakes in some of Europe’s most important companies for infrastructure, construction and services, energy, information technology and defence, and health, etc. It is major shareholder in ACS and Acerinox, and a main shareholder in companies such as Prosegur and Indra. Moreover, through its venture capital fund Deyá Capital, held in large part by Alba, the bank holds significant stakes in companies such as Ros Roca and Ocibar.

In addition, through its Fundación Juan March, established in 1955, it is involved in fostering culture and the arts. It is a family-run, patrimonial and operative institution dedicating its resources and activities to the fields of the humanities and science. The Fundación Juan March organises art exhibits, concerts as well as series of conferences and seminars. It administers a music and theatre library in its Madrid headquarters and directs the Museo de Arte Abstracto Español in Cuenca and the Museu Juan March in Palma de Mallorca. Moreover, it is active in the field of research through its Centre for Advanced Studies.

Banca March is a driving force behind the Asociación de Empresa Familiar (Association of Family Businesses) and sponsors the Banca March Chair of Family Business at the University of the Balearic Islands.

For more information tel: +34 914 364 323;  www.bancamarch.es

China tries to soothe fears about local debt

China has played down the risks in a wave of borrowing by local governments, saying that officials were getting to grips with a debt problem that economists warn could yet destabilise the financial system.

A statement issued by the Ministry of Finance and the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) gave a largely clean bill of health to the pile of debt racked up in a surge of stimulus spending during the global financial crisis last year.

The majority of loans would be repayable from cash flow generated by the investments they are financing, and banks had set aside more than enough provisions to cover any defaults.

“There are indeed some risks in loans to financing vehicles, but currently the overall risk is manageable and will not cause systemic risk,” they said.

The announcement helped push China’s benchmark stock index up 0.8 percent to a three-month closing high.

Investors have been worried that local government borrowing, the bulk of which has funded infrastructure projects, could sow a new crop of bad debt in the banking system.

Dong Tao, an economist with Credit Suisse in Hong Kong, said China was not out of the woods yet.

“While I do respect the conclusions that they have given, I would remain quite cautious in the sense that a large part of the bank lending that went out in 2009 will not generate cash flow in the near future,” he said.

Clearing the brush
Local authorities are barred by law from borrowing directly. To get around the ban, they have established some 8,000 special purpose funding vehicles that, by the end of June, had borrowed an estimated 7.7 trillion yuan ($1.1trn).

Although that accounts for only about 20 percent of China’s GDP, economists have warned that the increase in indebtedness could shake the financial system if left unchecked.

“Most of these loans can generate steady and sufficient cash flow, which can cover both the principal and the interest,” the finance ministry and banking regulator said.

To keep the problem from growing any further, they said Beijing was working to develop a mechanism to standardise fund-raising and debt management by local governments.

Xu Jian, an analyst with China International Capital Corp in Beijing, said that a new framework would make borrowing by local financing vehicles more transparent and thus help rev up a crucial engine for the economy.

“The government has made the policy clear and banks can resume extending loans to such vehicles, as long as this is done in line with the new rules,” he said.

“Local projects are mainly financed by bank lending, so this is an important contribution to the economy, especially after growth moderated in the second quarter,” he said.

Three-front battle
For months, Chinese regulators have been trying to piece together how much local governments owe and to devise a blueprint for reining in the debt.

They have also been working to shore up confidence on two other fronts: telling banks to bring loans funnelled through trust firms back onto their balance sheets and ordering stress tests to gauge the potential impact of a collapse in property prices.

“Property is the mother of all crises,” Dong from Credit Suisse said. “If the property market goes down, local government lending will face a much bigger problem than what the government currently claims.”

The CBRC fears that some 23 percent of loans to local financing vehicles could go sour, but the agency and the ministry said in their statement that broader risks were not that grave.

For those loans that may not be repayable, debt can be restructured and collateral increased, they said.

And with provisioning ratios set at a minimum of 150 percent, banks are sufficiently prepared to absorb defaults, they said.

They added that the scale of the problem was already on the wane. As a proportion of total bank lending, new loans to local financing vehicles had dropped by a third in the first half of this year compared with 2009.

Commercial bankers have also expressed confidence about the knock-on effects of a tumble in property prices. The real estate market has soared over the past year, fuelling concerns that some parts of the country were experiencing a bubble.

Asked by regulators to test for the impact of a 50 percent fall in property prices, Bank of Communications, China’s fifth-biggest lender, said recently that the ratio of bad loans in its mortgage business would rise by only 1.2 percentage points.